Impact of Hearing impairment on Mood and Cognition
Hearing loss in elderly individuals is frequently associated with various psychological and cognitive conditions.
Hearing impairment can significantly affect communication, which increases the risk of mood disorders such as depression.
A 2020 study by Lawrence established a significant link between hearing loss and depression in older adults, suggesting that deteriorating hearing contributes to increased social isolation and reduced social interactions—well-known risk factors for depression (Lawrence BJ, Jayakody DMP, Bennett RJ, Eikelboom RH, Gasson N, Friedland PL. Hearing Loss and Depression in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Gerontologist. April 2020).
Cognitively, research indicates that untreated hearing loss can accelerate cognitive decline. A 2020 study by Livingston et al., published in The Lancet, showed that individuals with untreated hearing loss experienced more rapid cognitive decline compared to those without hearing loss. These results align with the hypothesis that hearing loss increases cognitive load, requiring individuals to allocate more cognitive resources to understanding speech, to the detriment of other cognitive functions (Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care: 2020 Report of the Lancet Commission G Livingston).
Consequences of none or poorly hearing loss correction during medical consultations
Poorly corrected hearing loss can significantly hinder communication during medical consultations, leading to a multitude of issues. Studies have shown that communication difficulties due to inadequate hearing correction can result in misunderstandings, increased stress during consultations, medication errors, and sometimes even refusal of care.
A 2021 article by Wallhagen illustrates that elderly individuals with poorly corrected hearing loss may avoid asking questions or discussing their symptoms openly with their doctor, due to fear of not understanding the response or having to ask for multiple repetitions, which can be embarrassing or stressful (Wallhagen, M. I., "Leveraging the Age Friendly Healthcare System Initiative to Achieve Comprehensive Hearing Healthcare Across the Spectrum of Healthcare Settings: An Interprofessional Perspective," January 2021).
Challenges of using hearing aids for individuals with cognitive impairments
When it comes to fitting hearing aids for individuals with cognitive impairments, the challenges are considerable. According to a 2022 study by Lisan, a significant proportion of patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairments cannot be properly fitted with hearing aids due to difficulties in handling and maintaining the devices, or their inability to actively participate in their adjustment. Some studies estimate that up to 30% of elderly individuals with significant cognitive impairments may not fully benefit from hearing aids due to these complications (Prevalence of Hearing Loss and Hearing Aid Use Among Adults in France in the Constance's Study - Quentin Lisan et al.).
These findings highlight the importance of integrated approaches that address auditory, mood, and cognitive health to optimize care and well-being for the elderly, as well as the need for innovative solutions tailored to specific populations and situations.
Dr. Julien Smadja
Psychiatrist
Medical center for Innovation and Memory Sarah Benin, Paris France
